Five indoor air-purifying plants and how to grow them

Indoor air pollution is a serious but often ignored problem in Indian homes. In metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Kolkata, both indoor and outdoor pollution remains a challenge, often exceeding recommended limits. Headaches, allergies, fatigue, sinus issues and eye irritation are often traced to poor air quality.

Amid this, public interest in indoor plants has surged after the NASA Clean Air Study, which found that certain plants can help reduce VOCs (volatile organic compounds) such as benzene, formaldehyde, xylene, trichloroethylene and toluene. These pollutants are commonly found in homes. 

However, it is incorrect to assume that plants alone can replace electric air purifiers. 

Research confirms that air-purifying plants can be part of a ventilation and filtration strategy, not a standalone solution. They improve oxygen levels, humidity and psychological well-being, while reducing toxins.

So, it is important to choose scientifically supported plants, position them correctly, and maintain them with proper watering and pruning. Here are five proven air-purifying plants worth growing indoors in Indian homes, backed by evidence:

1. Snake Plant (Sansevieria)

Snake plant is one of the most efficient indoor plants for improving air quality. NASA research shows that it effectively absorbs benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene and is one of the few plants that release oxygen at night. 

It is ideal for bedrooms, small workspaces and poorly ventilated corners. Snake plants thrive in low light and require minimal watering, about once every 8 to 10 days. Overwatering causes root rot, so well-draining soil is essential. 

Available at a very low cost, between Rs 50 and Rs 200 depending on the size, this plant is hardy, drought-tolerant and perfect for people who travel or occasionally forget to water their plants.

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2. Areca Palm

The Areca palm is considered one of the best natural humidifiers and VOC absorbers. It is effective in removing formaldehyde and xylene, both common in furniture polish, household paints and adhesives. 

Its lush, feathery foliage also improves humidity, making it useful in dry air-conditioned rooms. This plant prefers bright, filtered sunlight and regular watering, making it ideal for balconies, living rooms and office corners. 

Mist the leaves occasionally to prevent dryness, and feed organic compost monthly for healthy growth. A medium-sized Areca palm costs around Rs300 to Rs500 and grows well in large pots. It is pet-friendly and safe for children.

3. Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum)

Peace Lily is known for its ability to remove benzene, acetone, ammonia and toluene, which commonly come from nail polish removers, cleaners and synthetic fragrances. It also reduces indoor mould spores, making it a good choice for bathrooms and humid areas. 

Peace Lilies bloom beautiful white flowers, adding aesthetic appeal alongside functionality. They prefer low to medium light and should be watered when leaves droop slightly, typically once in five to six days. However, they are mildly toxic if ingested, so keep them out of reach of pets and children. A healthy plant costs between Rs 200 and Rs 350 and performs best when the soil is kept moist, not soggy.

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4. Money Plant or Pothos (Epipremnum Aureum)

A highly popular indoor plant in India, Money Plant is easy to grow and excellent at absorbing formaldehyde, benzene and carbon monoxide. It thrives even in low light and survives occasional neglect. 

Money plant can be grown in water or soil, making it extremely beginner-friendly. For air purification, multiple plants placed in different rooms are more effective than a single large one. Trim regularly to encourage bushy growth, and wipe leaves fortnightly to remove dust, enabling better gas exchange. 

It is extremely affordable at Rs 20 to Rs 120 and perfect for hanging pots, shelves and office desks.

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5. Spider Plant (Chlorophytum Comosum)

Spider Plant is proven to reduce carbon monoxide and xylene, pollutants commonly released from vehicles, generators and cooking fuels. In the NASA experiment, spider plants removed up to 95 percent of airborne toxins within 24 hours under controlled conditions. 

They produce new baby shoots called “spiderettes” that can be easily propagated, making them a long-term investment for home gardening. Spider plants require bright, indirect light and watering once or twice a week. 

They are non-toxic to pets and ideal for homes with children or animals. Its cost ranges between Rs 120 and Rs 300, depending on the size.

(Riya Singh is a Ranchi-based journalist who writes on environment, farming, sustainability, startups, & women empowerment).

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