The fading glory of Srinagar’s last rosewater maker traditional distillation method unani medicine kashmir 30stades
Filigreed decanters, dark-coloured glass bottles and antique jars are lined up on the wooden shelves of Arq-i-Gulab, a 200-year-old shop just a few steps from the Khanqah-e-Moula mosque in Fateh Kadal, downtown Srinagar. Large glass cauldrons and tall bottles hold the secrets of manual distillation of rosewater and preparation of other Unani medicines, which cured many people before modern medicine and mechanical distillation techniques overtook traditional knowledge.
Battered by time, the dimly lit shop, with rose fragrance wafting through the air, is today run by Abdul Aziz Kozgar. Aptly named Arq-i-Gulab, meaning rosewater, it has been a witness to history for the last two centuries.
Aziz is a descendant of Syed Mohammad Nooristani who came to Kashmir from Turkey through the Silk Route along with Saint Mir Mohammed Hamadani some 500 years ago.
Nooristani was familiar with alchemy. On the directions of the saint, he began producing rosewater, which is sprinkled on shrines, in mosques and on devotees visiting these places. His family has continued the rosewater-making tradition over the centuries.
“This shop was set up around 1820 by my great grandfather who imported many glass bottles from Germany and the UK,” says 65-year-old Aziz, who learnt the craft from his father Habibullah Kozgar.
Fragrance of a bygone era
Aziz earlier worked with the state animal husbandry department but opted for early retirement and took over the reins of the family business about 15 years back. The quiet, withdrawn man is now certain that the craft will die with him.
Melancholic eyes glinting in his wrinkled face, Aziz continues this family occupation with devotion. Though running the traditional distillery is not of much help as far as the family financials are concerned, yet his commitment to preserving the dying trade is admirable.
Arq-i-Gulab shop in downtown Srinagar was set up by Aziz's great grandfather in 1820. Pic: Parsa Mahjoob
On one of the walls of Aziz’s shop, a Persian couplet on an old photograph of a Sufi saint quite clearly illustrates the Kozgar family’s affinity with the revered saint. “Yaani Aan Baani Musalmani, Mir Syed Ali Hamadani” (Mir Syed Ali Hamadani is the founder of Islam here).
The Kozgars or “users of jars”— the literal meaning of their Persian surname — are credited with introducing and making herbal medicines in the Valley.
They were experts in Unani medicine, which is the traditional Perso-Arabic medicine system.
They would extract syrups from herbs, flowers and condiments such as fennel seeds and cinnamon. A single extract would have many components and potions would be prepared with specific elements to cure various ailments.
Aziz's shop is filled with antique jars of all sizes, most of which he inherited from his father and forefathers.
In his childhood, his family would make around 50 types of medicinal syrups besides rosewater.
Belonging to the times of the hakims, these containers came in extensive use when the hakims and Kozgars extracted herbal syrups that could cure almost any disease. They now lie stacked on the shelves, dusty and empty.
As the demand for various syrups declined with the emergence of modern medicines, the Kozgars confined their craft to producing rosewater, Tshandan Arq, Kaah Zabaan (used as an antibiotic) and Arq-e-Neelofar – an extract from a local aquatic plant.
All these syrups are quick remedies for body heat, stomach and kidney ailments besides others. These are still prepared in the same way as they were centuries ago.
Antique jars are a reminder of the bygone era. The rosewater shop's walls also have Persian couplets and photos of saints. Pic: Parsa Mahjoob/Srinagar
Aziz recalls his childhood when his whole family would take part in making rosewater and other syrups. “Those days we would have heaps of rose petals in our courtyard. Everyone in the family had knowledge about the preparation of various syrups," he says.
A faded, handwritten paper pasted on a shelf of the antique shop displays the list of syrups and flower extracts that were once available from the kozgars.
Visitors can also see a hand drawing of a 'Karambiqh' (distillation apparatus) portraying the manual process of distillation as used by the kozgars.
The method of making rosewater is simple - freshly washed flower petals are placed in a large copper cauldron called deg and water is added to it. The deg is heated from below using zyun (firewood). The aroma of the flower mixes with the water, evaporates and passes through a tube into another copper container placed inside an ice water tank.
The warm vapour turns into water droplets and fills the cold container which has a capacity of almost 50 litres.
Making rosewater through traditional distillation is a slow and time-consuming process that takes almost 3 to 4 hours.
Fresh roses are collected from the gardens of far-off places like Shalimar, Harwan, Baramulla, Anantnag and a number of other villages.
The traditional process of making rosewater explained in a handmade illustration at Arq-i-Gulab; Illustration pic by Parsa Mahjoob
Back in the time of hakims, the kozgars made sure that the rose petals would be carried in large jute sacks on horsebacks as soon as they blossomed.
The pure rosewater from the Arq-e-Gulab is sold at just Rs 40 per litre. Neither pre-packed nor branded or labeled, it is available only at Aziz's shop and is sold in plastic bottles.
While demand has fallen over the years, people from all over Kashmir still buy rosewater from his shop. It is used mainly for sprinkling on the shrines in Srinagar and outside as well as on devotees during religious gatherings.
Kashmiris from the UK, France, the USA, and Germany also buy rosewater from Aziz for its natural aromatic essence and water extracted from fresh roses.
Aziz is reluctant to share the sales or earnings but acknowledges that they have declined sharply.
There are many shops selling rosewater in the old city, claiming lineage to the 19th century. But Aziz has been able to preserve the traditional method of making rosewater despite the boom of modern and machine-made rosewater available in the market.
Aziz rues his business may not survive due to the indifference of his three children towards the family business. Aziz’s cousin Abdul Wahid Kozgar used to help him in the family business till 2011 but he too has left and now runs a chemist shop.
Abdul Aziz Kozgar pouring rosewater in a bottle. Pic: Parsa Mahjoob/Srinagar
"This 200-year-old shop is close to my heart as it's a gift to me from my ancestors. I wish my children would also carry it forward to preserve this centuries-old tradition but I can’t force them," he says.
Aziz says the young generation happily uses the rosewater from his shop but they don't want to do the work themselves.
"My children think that this shop may not earn them good money, which is also true,” he says.
Aziz doesn’t want to push them into the trade. “In my time, there was a lot of money in it. How can I compel my sons to go into a trade that has got no future for them? I wish for them to do what their heart desires." he says. "This art for sure is going to die. I am running this shop with an aim of preserving an important part of us,” Aziz adds.
His desperate bid to preserve the family's legacy may not survive in this mechanized world.
(Parsa Mahjoob is a Srinagar-based freelance journalist)
/30-stades/media/agency_attachments/C8R8KLQ6iqxfzqUhMFYv.png)
Follow Us/30-stades/media/post_banners/b3DqkFnRwhzNVfeVwfgv.jpg)
/30-stades/media/post_attachments/8e0He2qiAzIzChxstqg1.jpg)
/30-stades/media/post_attachments/c0q5D00Ux2UEfjwOpkWt.jpg)
/30-stades/media/post_attachments/xCydPE0sCeAG8WwPoaDd.jpg)
/30-stades/media/post_attachments/apG7gK0DzQgjQkWrTBUk.jpg)